First, let’s look at the scene of Jesus’ arrest. It also shows that for the narration of the same event, we must use a union, that is, we must match all the narrations so that we can restore the situation at that time. Second, we shared Peter’s first denial of the Lord. John was the only person who witnessed all the events that happened after Jesus was arrested, and the Book of John was written last. Thus he added in the details that were not written in other Gospels, and explained in detail the differences between the first Peter’s denial and the last two ones. Third, we recounted Jesus’ trial before Annas, the father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest. He was first brought before Annas bound. Fourth, we continue to look at Peter’s second and third denials of the Lord and his repentance. Fifth, we look at Jesus, the King of truth, from his trial before Caiaphas to his trial before Governor Pilate. Finally, we see that Pilate could find no guilt in Jesus, but he ultimately decided against his conscience to hand Him over to the Jews to do whatever they wanted with Him.
1. Jesus’ arrest
“When Jesus had spoken these words, He went forth with His disciples over the ravine of the Kidron, where there was a garden, in which He entered with His disciples. Now Judas also, who was betraying Him, knew the place, for Jesus had often met there with His disciples. Judas then, having received the Roman cohort and officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, came there with lanterns and torches and weapons. So Jesus, knowing all the things that were coming upon Him, went forth and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” They answered Him, “Jesus the Nazarene.” He said to them, “I am He.” And Judas also, who was betraying Him, was standing with them. So when He said to them, “I am He,” they drew back and fell to the ground. Therefore He again asked them, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus the Nazarene.” Jesus answered, “I told you that I am He; so if you seek Me, let these go their way,” to fulfill the word which He spoke, “Of those whom You have given Me I lost not one.” Simon Peter then, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s slave, and cut off his right ear; and the slave’s name was Malchus. So Jesus said to Peter, “Put the sword into the sheath; the cup which the Father has given Me, shall I not drink it?” So the Roman cohort and the commander and the officers of the Jews, arrested Jesus and bound Him, and led Him to Annas first; for he was father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. Now Caiaphas was the one who had advised the Jews that it was expedient for one man to die on behalf of the people.”(John 18:1-14)
We have just shared that John was the only person who saw all the things that happened after Jesus was arrested, and the Book of John was also the last one among Gospels written. We see that he basically did not repeat things that were already written in other gospels. We use the word “basically” because he had to repeat some of the things described in other Gospels when adding details. That is to say, when describing the same event, we must use the union of the narrations in the four Gospels, that is, we must match all the narrations so that we can restore the situation at that time.
The garden must refer to the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus prayed, “…yet not what I will, but what You will.”(Mark 14:36) This is a promised prayer, for the Scripture says, “In the days of His flesh, He offered up both prayers and supplications with loud crying and tears to the One able to save Him from death, and He was heard because of His piety.”(Hebrews 5:7) So this refers to the prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane, because He prayed that Your will should be done, and the Father’s will was for Him to go to the cross to accomplish salvation, so Jesus did know what was going to happen to Him.
Then it was Judas who revealed Jesus through an intimate kiss (see Matthew 26:47-49). We see that they wanted to be 100% sure, so they asked Jesus personally, and when He answered, they fell to the ground. We also see why He confirmed a second time that He was the one they were looking for, because He wanted to keep the rest of the people safe and wanted them to arrest only Him. The verse here also clearly states that He was arrested and brought to Annas.
During the process, a small incident occurred. Peter cut off the right ear of Malchus, the high priest’s servant. Luke 22:50-51 also recorded this incident and said that Jesus healed him. However, Luke did not mention the servant’s name. We can also see why the same thing had to be linked together. In addition, this also explains why Jesus asked Peter to sheath his sword. He certainly knew that Peter could not protect Him with only that sword. Since He wanted Peter not to go to jail because hurting the other, so He performed a miracle to heal Malchus. This miracle was performed on a person with his name and is unquestionable. On the other hand, this miracle also saved the impulsive Peter. Otherwise, we can imagine that Malchus and his relative who was present would not have let it go, and Peter would have had to go to jail!
2. Peter’s first denial
“Simon Peter was following Jesus, and so was another disciple. Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and entered with Jesus into the court of the high priest, but Peter was standing at the door outside. So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out and spoke to the doorkeeper, and brought Peter in. Then the slave-girl who kept the door said to Peter, “You are not also one of this man’s disciples, are you?” He said, “I am not.” Now the slaves and the officers were standing there, having made a charcoal fire, for it was cold and they were warming themselves; and Peter was also with them, standing and warming himself.”(John 18:15-18)
We see before His arrest, “Peter said to Him, “Even if I have to die with You, I will not deny You.” All the disciples said the same thing too.”(Matthew 26:35) But the old self is unreliable, and when the time comes, “…Then all the disciples left Him and fled.”(Matthew 26:56) Peter was at least better, because “…Peter was following Him at a distance as far as the courtyard of the high priest, and entered in, and sat down with the officers to see the outcome.”(Matthew 26:58) Before Jesus had been judged, Peter already denied the Lord the first time without really realizing it! It was not until the Holy Spirit came on the first Pentecost after the Lord’s resurrection that the disciples had the power to bear witness for the Lord, so they had to rely on the Holy Spirit. Same for us nowadays.
3. Trial before Annas, the father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest
“The high priest then questioned Jesus about His disciples, and about His teaching. Jesus answered him, “I have spoken openly to the world; I always taught in synagogues and in the temple, where all the Jews come together; and I spoke nothing in secret. Why do you question Me? Question those who have heard what I spoke to them; they know what I said.” When He had said this, one of the officers standing nearby struck Jesus, saying, “Is that the way You answer the high priest?” Jesus answered him, “If I have spoken wrongly, testify of the wrong; but if rightly, why do you strike Me?” So Annas sent Him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.”(John 18:19-24)
The high priest here refers to Caiaphas’ father-in-law Annas, because they would later take Jesus to the high priest Caiaphas. Annas had judged Him in advance, and He was just telling the truth. We can also see Annas’ usual arrogance, because even his servants would beat people at will!
4. Peter’s second and third denials
“Now Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. So they said to him, “You are not also one of His disciples, are you?” He denied it, and said, “I am not.” One of the slaves of the high priest, being a relative of the one whose ear Peter cut off, said, “Did I not see you in the garden with Him?” Peter then denied it again, and immediately a rooster crowed.”(John 18:25-27)
Peter’s three denials are recorded in all four Gospels, the others being Matthew 26:69-75, Mark 14:66-72, and Luke 22:54-62. There is also a record of Peter’s repentance, as the scripture says, “And Peter remembered the word which Jesus had said, “Before a rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And he went out and wept bitterly.”(Matthew 26:75) If we take the narrative of the four Gospels together, we can understand what happened. It is quite long, so we’ll not go into details. Please go and read it yourself.
What we want to emphasize is the promise of the Bible, “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.”(1 John 1:9) Jesus prayed before for Peter, “but I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail; and you, when once you have turned again, strengthen your brothers.”(Luke 22:32) Jesus knew in advance that Peter would repent, and after he repented he did as Jesus’ prayer, and remained the leader among the apostles.
5. The trial of the King of truth before Pilate the Governor
“Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas into the Praetorium, and it was early; and they themselves did not enter into the Praetorium so that they would not be defiled, but might eat the Passover. Therefore Pilate went out to them and said, “What accusation do you bring against this Man?” They answered and said to him, “If this Man were not an evildoer, we would not have delivered Him to you.” So Pilate said to them, “Take Him yourselves, and judge Him according to your law.” The Jews said to him, “We are not permitted to put anyone to death,” to fulfill the word of Jesus which He spoke, signifying by what kind of death He was about to die. Therefore Pilate entered again into the Praetorium, and summoned Jesus and said to Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?” Jesus answered, “Are you saying this on your own initiative, or did others tell you about Me?” Pilate answered, “I am not a Jew, am I? Your own nation and the chief priests delivered You to me; what have You done?” Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, then My servants would be fighting so that I would not be handed over to the Jews; but as it is, My kingdom is not of this realm.” Therefore Pilate said to Him, “So You are a king?” Jesus answered, “You say correctly that I am a king. For this I have been born, and for this I have come into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth hears My voice.””(John 18:28-37)
We have previously shared Matthew 26:57-68 about the trial before Caiaphas. According to Roman law, the Sanhedrin did not have the authority to kill, and this is also confirmed here. So He was taken to the governor Pilate, hoping that he would sentence Him to death. After some twists and turns, they finally nailed Jesus to the cross as they wished.
First, the scripture tells us why Pilate came out of the Praetorium, and then they accused Him by lying, which also proved that although they wanted to kill Jesus, they did not have the authority. Pilate interrogated Him in the Praetorium and the verses recounted his conversation with Jesus. When he asked Jesus whether He was the King of the Jews, Jesus said directly that He was the King who bore witness to the truth, that His kingdom was not of this world, and that only those who belonged to the truth would listen to His words, and that He came into this world for this reason. Indeed, He is “…the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us, and we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.”(John 1:14) He came to bring us a more abundant life, as the scripture says, “…I came that they may have life, and have it abundantly.”(John 10:10)
6. Pilate could not find any guilt in Jesus
“Pilate said to Him, “What is truth?” And when he had said this, he went out again to the Jews and said to them, “I find no guilt in Him. But you have a custom that I release someone for you at the Passover; do you wish then that I release for you the King of the Jews?” So they cried out again, saying, “Not this Man, but Barabbas.” Now Barabbas was a robber.”(John 18:38-40)
We know from what Pilate said that he didn’t care what the truth was! This also shows that he finally made the decision to crucify Jesus against his conscience, because Pilate said, “…I find no guilt in Him.”(John 18:38) Among this period, he also sent Him to Herod for judgment, “No, nor has Herod, for he sent Him back to us; and behold, nothing deserving death has been done by Him.”(Luke 23:15)
He gave the Jews a choice whether to release Jesus, but the Jews hated the innocent Jesus so much that they chose to release the famous robber and prisoner Barabbas, who “…was one who had been thrown into prison for an insurrection made in the city, and for murder.”(Luke 23:19) Finally, “But they were insistent, with loud voices asking that He be crucified. And their voices began to prevail. And Pilate pronounced sentence that their demand be granted. And he released the man they were asking for who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, but he delivered Jesus to their will.”(Luke 23:23-25) Pilate made such a decision really against his conscience!
(Verses refer to those in NASB95 unless otherwise specified.)
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